See wulfaz on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"also from German"
],
"word": "volfo"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "oļip"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "oof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "woof"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "oof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "woof"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "woulf"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"also from German"
],
"word": "volfo"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "oļip"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "oof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "woof"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "oof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "woof"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "woulf"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wolfe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"also from German"
],
"word": "volfo"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "oļip"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "oof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "woof"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "oof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "woof"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "woulf"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "woulf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"also from German"
],
"word": "volfo"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "oļip"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "oof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "woof"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "oof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "woof"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "woulf"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wulf"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "wulf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Wulf"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "wolf"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Westphalian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Wulf"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "wulf"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "wulf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"lang": "Jersey Dutch",
"lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
"word": "wâlf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Virgin Islands Creole",
"lang_code": "vic",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "wuluwuluk"
}
],
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "wuluwuluk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "wólf"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "wolf"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*wulf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"raw_tags": [
"Italian Walser"
],
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "Woif"
},
{
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "Wolf"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Wolf"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"word": "Wollef"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Wollef"
},
{
"lang": "Pennsylvania German",
"lang_code": "pdc",
"word": "Wolf"
},
{
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"lang_code": "wym",
"word": "wūf"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "volf",
"word": "וואָלף"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "wolf"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "wolf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*wulf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "úlfur"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "úlvur"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "úv'e"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "olv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "ålv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"lang": "Elfdalian",
"lang_code": "ovd",
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "ulv"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "ulver"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "ulv"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"lang": "Gutnish",
"lang_code": "gmq-gut",
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"lang": "Gutnish",
"lang_code": "gmq-gut",
"word": "ålv"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "ulfr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "úlfur"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "úlvur"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "úv'e"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "olv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "ålv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"lang": "Elfdalian",
"lang_code": "ovd",
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "ulv"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "ulver"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "ulv"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"lang": "Gutnish",
"lang_code": "gmq-gut",
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"lang": "Gutnish",
"lang_code": "gmq-gut",
"word": "ålv"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "úlfr"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Norse",
"lang_code": "gmq-pro",
"roman": "*wulfaʀ",
"word": "*ᚹᚢᛚᚠᚨᛉ"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "wulfs",
"word": "𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wulfaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*wulfaz\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos",
"t": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *wúlpos, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”). In detail, the development can be reconstructed as *wúlkʷos > *wúlpos > *wulfaz (which is comparable to *pénkʷe > *pémpe > *fimf). If *wúlkʷos hadn't changed to *wúlpos, it would look like **wulhwaz in Proto-Germanic. The relevant sound change, a kind of assimilation at a distance, is known in German as artikulatorischer Sprung.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "*wulfaz m",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wulfaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Audawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Aþalawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Gunþiwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Hariwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Harjawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Haþuwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Heruwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Hrōþiwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Landawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Nanþawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Rēdawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Uzdawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Wiljawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Wulfagaizaz"
},
{
"word": "Wulfagangaz"
},
{
"word": "Wulfarīks"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"id": "en-wulfaz-gem-pro-noun-92thuWLb",
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "wulgī"
},
{
"word": "wulbī"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwul.ɸɑz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ul.ɸɑz"
}
],
"word": "wulfaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "Audawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Aþalawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Gunþiwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Hariwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Harjawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Haþuwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Heruwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Hrōþiwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Landawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Nanþawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Rēdawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Uzdawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Wiljawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Wulfagaizaz"
},
{
"word": "Wulfagangaz"
},
{
"word": "Wulfarīks"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"also from German"
],
"word": "volfo"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "oļip"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "oof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "woof"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "oof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "woof"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "woulf"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"also from German"
],
"word": "volfo"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "oļip"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "oof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "woof"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "oof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "woof"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "woulf"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wolfe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"also from German"
],
"word": "volfo"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "oļip"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "oof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "woof"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "oof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "woof"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "woulf"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "woulf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"also from German"
],
"word": "volfo"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "oļip"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "oof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "woof"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "oof"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ouf"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "woof"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "woulf"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wulf"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "wulf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Wulf"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "wolf"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Westphalian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Wulf"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "wulf"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "wulf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"lang": "Jersey Dutch",
"lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
"word": "wâlf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Virgin Islands Creole",
"lang_code": "vic",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "wuluwuluk"
}
],
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "wuluwuluk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "wólf"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "wolf"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*wulf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"raw_tags": [
"Italian Walser"
],
"word": "wolf"
},
{
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "Woif"
},
{
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "Wolf"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Wolf"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"word": "Wollef"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Wollef"
},
{
"lang": "Pennsylvania German",
"lang_code": "pdc",
"word": "Wolf"
},
{
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"lang_code": "wym",
"word": "wūf"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "volf",
"word": "וואָלף"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "wolf"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "wolf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*wulf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "úlfur"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "úlvur"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "úv'e"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "olv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "ålv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"lang": "Elfdalian",
"lang_code": "ovd",
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "ulv"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "ulver"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "ulv"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"lang": "Gutnish",
"lang_code": "gmq-gut",
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"lang": "Gutnish",
"lang_code": "gmq-gut",
"word": "ålv"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "ulfr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "úlfur"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "úlvur"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "úv'e"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "olv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "ålv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"lang": "Elfdalian",
"lang_code": "ovd",
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "ulv"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "ulver"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "ulv"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"lang": "Gutnish",
"lang_code": "gmq-gut",
"word": "ulv"
},
{
"lang": "Gutnish",
"lang_code": "gmq-gut",
"word": "ålv"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "úlfr"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Norse",
"lang_code": "gmq-pro",
"roman": "*wulfaʀ",
"word": "*ᚹᚢᛚᚠᚨᛉ"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "wulfs",
"word": "𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wulfaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*wulfaz\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos",
"t": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *wúlpos, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”). In detail, the development can be reconstructed as *wúlkʷos > *wúlpos > *wulfaz (which is comparable to *pénkʷe > *pémpe > *fimf). If *wúlkʷos hadn't changed to *wúlpos, it would look like **wulhwaz in Proto-Germanic. The relevant sound change, a kind of assimilation at a distance, is known in German as artikulatorischer Sprung.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "*wulfaz m",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wulfaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "wulgī"
},
{
"word": "wulbī"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *wĺ̥kʷos",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/ul.ɸɑz",
"Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/ul.ɸɑz/2 syllables",
"gem-pro:Canids"
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwul.ɸɑz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ul.ɸɑz"
}
],
"word": "wulfaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wulfaz meaning in All languages combined (11.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.